Sledva da se otbelei, e tova delene e uslovno i imenata ne otrazjavat razlini ezici, a samo periodi v razvitieto na balgarskija ezik, za koito se otkrivat charakterni belezi. Later I found out that Slovenian and Bulgarian/Macedonian are all south Slavic languages while Serbian language is actually a western Slavic language like Slovak/Czech/Polish. I can randomly pick up another paragraph from that Wikipedia page, and it would be harder: While not usually considered mutually intelligible, theres also enough similarity between French and Italian that speakers of Portuguese may understand both of these languages. Communication about such things is significantly impaired at this level. let me guess, British bankers/Zionists/Rosthchild family/British oil companies/British special forces/Mossad was behind it? Complicating the picture is the fact that many Ukrainians are bilingual and speak Russian also. Slovak somewhat more than Polish, but still very little. Croats say Macedonian is a complete mystery to them. Italian is partially mutually intelligible with French, Catalan, Sardinian, Spanish, Ladin and Romanian. Belarussian almost completely comprehensible, except a few words. Intelligibility problems are mostly on the Czech end because they dont bother to learn Slovak while many Slovaks learn Czech. The Mutually Intelligible Languages of 8 Popular World Languages 1. If you can speak Russian fluently, you will be able to understand 77% of Polish words, while Czech, Slovak, Bulgarian, and . If you choose to study a language thats mutually intelligible with one you already know, chances are youll have to put a lot less work in than if you were learning a language from scratch. There can be huge differences between spoken/written forms of a Slavic language, because the written form may have a very similar vocabulary, phonology and grammar, but due to a different, strong stress, you wont understand almost anything. Jembrigh, Mario. ", "Moldovan (limba moldoveneasc / )", "Experimental methods for measuring intelligibility of closely related language varieties", "Mutual intelligibility between closely related languages in Europe", Harold Schiffman, "Linguists' Definition: mutual intelligibility", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mutual_intelligibility&oldid=1137818628, Articles with incomplete citations from May 2015, Pages with login required references or sources, Articles needing additional references from July 2022, All articles needing additional references, Wikipedia articles needing factual verification from March 2015, Articles with self-published sources from April 2020, Articles with dead external links from December 2021, Articles with unsourced statements from April 2018, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, Kajkavian has higher mutual intelligibility with Slovene than with the national varieties of Shtokavian. Its specific czech and many foreiner has problem spelling it. Likewise with Polish vs Czech, and Slovenian vs Standard Croatian (these pairs are the most commonly mistaken as mutually intelligible). The intelligibility of Czech and Slovak is much exaggerated. Most Croatian linguists recognized Kajkavian as a separate language. I can barely understand czech (slovak I havent tried) and, as similar as it is to croatian, I can only understand a little slovenian. They give you strict % figures, and it is pretty amazing. Civis Illustris. Less than 90% mutual intelligibility = separate languages. BR, Writing in Chakavian started very early in the Middle Ages and began to slow down in the 1500s when writing in Kajkavian began to rise. I got that figure from a Serb. Belic) maybe do not understand Macedonian so well as Macedonian the Serbian language do (because of the according to you Bilingual learning . I can grasp only something in the sense that these four periods have different names and that they dont designate different languages (delene e uslovno i imenata ne otrazjavat razlini ezici), but only periods of the development of Bulgarian (samo periodi v razvitieto na balgarskija ezik), with typical changes or features (za koito se otkrivat charakterni belezi). If one takes the transitional dialects which make a triangle between Serbian, Macedonian, Bulgarian, one can say that it is also one language. I would be able to translate what he says! Im of the Yugoslav variety by rearing, and a Serb by select bits of culture, by most of my native language and by all of where my tax money goes. The translation is not very problematic. Then tokavian person reaction would be: What? Intelligibility data for Saris Slovak and Ukrainian is not known. So I understood all but one word (), and Google Translator indeed confirms that my guess was right and it means also. If I had to name a Slavic language worst for intelligibility, it would absolutely and positively have to be Bulgarian its phonetics are completely foreign (to the extent that sometimes in the back of my mind I think that it sounds barbarian and Turkish), as is its grammar (the vocabulary, however, is not, being probably 90% similar to Russian, making written Bulgarian pretty easy). This is not necessarily correct in terms of vocabulary, but you will find a lot in common in the grammatical rules . Now onto the discussion. The unintelligibility is only due to the manner of speaking and not because of lexical and/or grammatical differences. Bulgarian and Russian are close because the Ottoman rulers of Bulgaria would not allow printing in Bulgaria. It is not intelligible with Shtokavian, although this is controversial. In fact, many Macedonians are switching away from the Macedonian language towards Serbo-Croatian. One of the most bizarre cases is that of Bulgarian, where the level of mutual intelligibility with spoken Czech is very low (close to zero), due to a completely different grammar. Saris Slovak has 85% intelligibility of Polish. We found that Czech and Slovak have by far the highest level of mutual intelligibility, followed by Croatian and Slovene. There are numerous intelligibility tests out there that work very well, or you can just ask native speakers to give you a %, and most of the honest ones will tell you; in fact, they will often differentiate between oh that is our language, they speak the same language as us, for dialects and then no, that is not our language, that is different, and they do not speak our language for separate languages. Intelligibility is more than 90% = dialect, less than 90% = language. He alleges that Sheikh later double-crossed British intelligence. I also met Croats from Zagreb that never learn Slovenian or live in Slovenia and I thought they are native Slovenian speakers because they can speak Slovenian perfectly. The idea is that the Kajkavian and Chakavian languages simply do not exist, though obviously they are both separate languages. 15), Part II", "Intelligibility of standard German and Low German to speakers of Dutch", "Cross-Border Intelligibility on the Intelligibility of Low German among Speakers of Danish and Dutch", "Mutual intelligibility of Dutch-German cognates by humans and computers", "Morpho-syntax of mutual intelligibility in the Turkic languages of Central Asia - Surrey Morphology Group", "Kirundi language, alphabet and pronunciation", "Tokelauan Language Information & Resources", "Majlis Bahasa Brunei Darussalam Indonesia Malaysia (MABBIM)", "Indonesian-Malay mutual intelligibility? However, the Torlak Serbians can understand Macedonian well, as this is a Serbo-Croatian dialect transitional to both languages. However, many of these dialects are at least partially mutually intelligible. How come you have not done a post about 9/11 before Robert? Score: 4.1/5 (68 votes) . 25/01/23 | StarsInsider. cheers Pronunciation is quite different, but all patterns are easy to catch. The intelligibility of Polish and Russian is very low, on the order of 5-10%. The results show that in most cases, a division between West and South Slavic languages does exist and that West . In its written form Bulgarian is even more different than in its spoken form. My mother is a native Croatian speaker and she told me that serbian and croatian have very good intelligibility but however the grammar is very different.Comparing those two languages would be like comparing czech and slovakian. It all adds up, man. In the Kievan Rus', Russian and Ukrainian were dialects of the same language, meaning that they were largely mutually intelligible with only minor vocabulary or grammatical differences. Bulgarian lexics does not seem to be familiar to Macedonians, what shows that Macedonian has been for too much time separated from the contact with Bulgarian which made Bulgarian unknown for Macedonian ear. This is simply not the case. but the two languages are more different than some people think. What is the most mutually intelligible Slavic language? I use Ethnologues list of languages and dialects, but extend it a bit. Additionally, some Arabic speakers may be familiar with Egyptian Arabic through the media, so they may rely on this to bridge any language gaps. No, you cannot. Polish 5 % spoken, 20 % written For example, all Russian shows get subtitles on Ukrainian TV. It is estimated that there is 89% lexical similarity with French, 87% similarity with Catalan (spoken in Southern Spain), 85% with Sardinian, 82% with Spanish, 78% with Ladin (spoken in Northern Italy) and 77% with Romanian. Are Russian and Polish mutually intelligible? It is true that Western Slovak dialects can understand Czech well, but Central Slovak, Eastern Slovak and Extraslovakian Slovak dialects cannot. These three languages have an 86% lexical similarity; that is, they share 86% of the same words. http://www.network54.com/Forum/84302/thread/1289113786/last-1289113786/British+intelligence+links+to+African+Emabssy+bombings. Some reports say there is difficult intelligibility between Ekavian Chakavian in the north and Ikavian Chakavian in the far south, but speakers of Labin Ekavian in the far north say they can understand the Southeastern Istrian speech of the southern islands very well (Jembrigh 2014). Polish: 5% 6. 5. I just didnt realize that when you talked about learning the other language you were actually referring to the errors inherent in doing a non-virgin ears MI study, and not conflating language learning with mutual intelligibility. by Christine Ro. (I will come to Bulgarian too). Vedle hlavn, pouvan v Bulharsku, existuje jet makedonsk norma, kter tak (?) most speakers of one language find it relatively easy to achieve some degree of understanding in the related language(s). 2. 4. Kajkavian, especially the ZagorjeKajkaviandialect around Zagreb, is close to theStajerskadialect of Slovene. Bulgarian more comprehensible than standard Ukrainian. Colloquial Ukrainian spoken in most of the country is pretty much comprehensible to Russians. 7. I have had people give me personal estimates like 40%, 85%, 60-65%, 70%,10-15%, less than 1%, etc. Bosnian and Montenegrin are also just dialects of Serbian language. Young Czechs and Slovaks talk to each other a lot via the Internet. Silesian, which can be heard in the southwest (sometimes also considered a separate language). Hello Mr Lindsay, If you choose to learn a language which is at least to some extent mutually intelligible to a language you already know . Ukrainian and Russian are today closer than they were a hundred years ago due to Soviet Russification, and somewhat mutually intelligiblespeakers in Ukraine often switch back and forth from one . Yes because governments dont conspire do they except for the Gulf of Tonkin, Iraq war, drug trafficking, coups, supporting the same Islamic terrorism which is even mentioned in main stream press during the 90s with links to the 9/11 hijackers which we are now supposably fighting a phoney war on terror against. 2023 Enux Education Limited. can take anywhere. People from Lviv and larger cities and towns in western Ukraine have a slight clipped accent but they speak standard Ukrainian. The key problem of Bulgarian is the different gramar the lack of declination and the use of postpositive articles. Russian is followed by Polish with over 40 million speakers, Ukrainian with 33 million and Czech with 13 million. http://www.btinternet.com/~nlpwessex/Documents/sheikhmedia.htm Just one example: the letter g was eliminated in order to make the Ukrainian h correspond exactly with Russian g. Foreign languages arent always as foreign as youd expect. The Czech law even states that Slovak language can be used in schools and in official documents. To my opinion, Macedonian and Bulgarian would be today much closer if Macedonian had not been heavily influenced by Serbian and Bulgarian not influenced so much by Russian. A Slovenian person that has never lived in the east of the country understands only about 60 70 % of the dialect (Prekmurski dialect). However, all three languages - Ukrainian, Russian and Belarusian - are in part mutually intelligible, and already knowing one can help a lot if you want to learn one of the . Look at this Polish girl: Written intelligibility is often very different from oral intelligibility in that in a number of cases, it tends to be higher, often much higher, than oral intelligibility. However, there are dialects in between Ukrainian and Russian such as the Eastern Polissian and Slobozhan dialects of Ukrainian that are intelligible with both languages . Id like to know about written mutual intelligibility, because, about spoken mutual intelligibility, there are people from portugal that cannot understand brazilians and vice-versa, though they speak the same language. Much of the claimed intelligibility is simply bilingual learning. If we follow this line of reasoning, it would be correct to conclude that English is highly intelligible to Serbian speakers because most Serbs speak English. I will also say that it is a fact that a British intelligence linked terrorist Anas al-Liby recruited by MI6 to kill Gadaffi in 96 was involved in the African Embassy bombings. Russian has a decent intelligibility with Bulgarian, possibly on the order of 50%, but Bulgarian intelligibility of Russian seems lower. uses the Cyrlic script, and a Banat norm, which uses the Latin script. do is the same verb (prim/pri/pri/primo/prite/pre vs. pravam/pravi/pravi/pravime/pravite/pravaat; as opposed to Serbian raditi) I am a native Czech speaker, I understand Slovak (a lot of exposure, many visits, many colleagues) and Russian (studied at school, many visits) in all three languages I am close 100% understanding of news, yet for Polish, Ukrainian and Croat I would rate my understanding at 15-20%, with no significant improvement just from being in the country (I have spent in total about 20 weeks in Croatia, 4 in Ukraine, 3 in Poland). This blog post is available as a convenient and portable PDF that you I could try. Serbo-Croatian speakers can often learn to understand Macedonian well after some exposure. Russian. Spoken Slovenian is a surprise too its phonology has a significant German influence. Much of the claimed intelligibility between Czech and Slovak was simply bilingual learning. But the end of the sentence clarified these words. (j/k) As soon as one gets even a very moderate amount of exposure, comprehension improves, even between such geographically distant languages as Polish and Serbian I remember staying in Montenegro and a Pole buying bread and a Montenegrin could still communicate with each other speaking at a slow-enough pace. Czech and Polish are incomprehensible to Serbo-Croatian speakers (Czech 10%, Polish 5%), but Serbo-Croatian has some limited comprehension of Slovak, on the order of 25%. Northern Germanic languages spoken in Scandinavia form a dialect continuum where two furthermost dialects have almost no mutual intelligibility. but they are often mutually intelligible. Mutual Intelligibility of Languages in the Slavic Family. Or maybe you are just a gatekeeper. For me having learnt some Slavic languages and watching Bulgarian TV was not very difficult. Mutual intelligibility also occurs in a wide variety of degrees, ranging from none, to partial, to full mutual intelligibility. Czech has 94% intelligibility of Slovak, 12% of Polish, and 5% of Russian and Bulgarian. Good post, OP. And if you're perhaps a polyglot or linguaphile looking for a new challenge, then maybe learning a bit of Mandarin, Urdu, or even Persian might just be up your alley! Russian, the native language of 160 million people, including many . He said he is frequent visitor in Poland and therefore he speaks Polish. Woof woof! An individual's achievement of moderate proficiency or understanding in a language (called L2) other than their first language (L1) typically requires considerable time and effort through study and practical application if the two languages are not very closely related. http://www.fbi.gov/wanted/wanted_terrorists/usama-bin-laden/view Like rano i utro or kanapa dywan kawior. To some extent, Russian, Rusyn, Ukrainian, and Belarusian retain a degree of mutual intelligibility. America paid us to hand over al-Qaeda suspects They are essentially the same language and even somebody with virgin ears can understand anybody almost perfectly, as long as he has half a brain. Chakavian and Kajkavian have high, but not full mutual intelligibility. Download: But I can tell you this. A koine is currently under development. The Russian language in the Ukraine has been declining recently mostly because since independence, the authorities have striven to make the new Ukrainian as far away from Russian as possible by adopting the Kharkiv Standard adopted in 1927 and jettisoning the 1932 Standard which brought Ukrainian more in line with Russian. Price, Glanville (1971), French Language: Present and Past, Jameson Books, Pope, Mildred K. From Latin to French, with Especial Consideration of Anglo-Norman. Are Polish and Ukrainian mutually intelligible? Slovak has 91% intelligibility of Czech. A more updated version of this paper with working hyperlinks can be found on Academia.edu here. Also after studying Ethnologue for a very long time, I noticed that they tended to use 90% as a cutoff for language versus dialect most but not all of the time. Kajkavian was removed from public use after 1900, hence writing in the standard Kajkavian literary language was curtailed. Because of all of this, tokavian speaker has a hard time understanding fast talking akavian speakers. If I tell them few sentences (phrases) in Boyko dialect, then Russians wont be able to understand at all. Part of the problem between Serbo-Croatian and Macedonian is that so many of the basic words be, do, this, that, where are different, however, much of the rest of the vocabulary is the same.